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Acción Española
Acción Española ((:akˈθjon espaˈɲola), ''Spanish Action'') or AE was a Spanish far right Alfonsist monarchist organisation active before and during the Spanish Civil War, and a political magazine of the same name, published by the former. The group was heavily influenced by ''Action Française'' both in its name and its ideology.〔Stanley G. Payne, ''Spain's First Democracy: The Second Republic, 1931-1936'', 1993, p. 171〕
==Formation==
AE began life in December 1931 as a journal of the same name organised by doctrinaire monarchists who believed that the Spanish Confederation of the Autonomous Right (CEDA) was too moderate in its approach. The journal was edited by Ramiro de Maeztu. Drawing in followers of the former Prime Minister Antonio Maura and the ultra-conservative wings of Social Catholicism and Carlism, the group that developed around this journal promised to revive a strong Catholic monarchy. AE soon adopted an antisemitic discourse in imitation of similar movements in Europe. It soon built up contacts abroad, notably with ''Action Française'', the ''Integralismo Lusitano'' and National Syndicalist movements in Portugal, and individual members of the National Fascist Party of Italy.〔 The group's close links with Portuguese groups were driven by a strong belief in Hispanidad and a desire to see a return to the values of ''La Raza'', which they felt had been abandoned in Spain.〔Sandie Eleanor Holguín, ''Creating Spaniards: Culture and National Identity in Republican Spain'', 2002, p. 44〕 They also established a front political party, ''Renovación Española'', in March 1933.〔Stuart Joseph Woolf, ''Fascism in Europe'', 1981, p. 384〕
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